Beer style

India Pale Ale

A hop-forward pale ale ranging from dry and firmly bitter to intensely aromatic and softly textured.

Typical parameters

Origin
Britain; modern forms developed strongly in the United States
Fermentation
Top fermentation
Alcohol
5.5–7.5% ABV
Bitterness
40–70 IBU
Colour
6–14 SRM
Serving
7–10 °C
Glassware
Tulip or IPA glass

Sensory profile

Appearance

Gold to amber; clarity varies by modern substyle.

Aroma

Hop-led: citrus, pine, resin, flowers, herbs, stone fruit or tropical fruit depending on variety.

Flavour

Assertive hop flavour and bitterness supported by a clean to lightly caramel malt base.

Mouthfeel

Medium-light to medium body; dry versions feel crisp while hazy versions may be softer.

Typical ingredients

Pale malt, expressive hops and neutral or characterful ale yeast; oats or wheat are common in hazy forms.

Food pairing

Spicy curries, grilled meat, blue cheese and citrus-led dishes.

History

Strong, well-hopped pale ales were shipped from Britain to India in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The name and style later evolved substantially, especially during the American craft-beer revival.

How it is brewed

Whirlpool and dry-hop additions preserve volatile aroma. Oxygen exposure after fermentation quickly damages fresh hop character, so closed transfers and careful packaging are important.